Tempo‐spatial evolution of seed plant endemism in Taiwan island

Abstract Aim In Taiwan island, recent land‐bridge and oversea dispersal after the appearance of proto‐Taiwan (<6.5 Ma) is responsible for its biodiversity assembly. Radiations have also been widely reported in mountain systems. The tempo‐spatial route to floral hotspot was determined through a meta‐analysis evolution endemic plants. Location island adjacent regions. Taxon Seed Methods Published dated phylogenies were compiled infer origin times represented by stem ages. To determine speciation mode, either situ or origin, ancestral range shift pattern and/or current distribution sister taxa used with 10 different biogeographical regions classified. Histograms quantifying numbers modes within bins 0.5 Ma constructed. Probabilities long‐distance (LDD) evaluated. Results 125 sampled species originate between late Eocene Pleistocene, which 14 (11.2%) 111 (88.8%) derived before emergence proto‐Taiwan, respectively. Spatially, would bigger contribution formation endemism than events (56.8% vs. 43.2%). (mean = 1.83 significantly younger those 6.34 Ma). main where occurred South‐Central China ( n 29) Southeast 28), followed Japan 14). High probabilities (60.8%) LDD found. Main Conclusions from Asian flora supported southern part found be most important source. that may correlated uplift, monsoon intensification Pleistocene climatic fluctuations exerted greater contributions there. Temporally, predominantly proto‐Taiwan. Additional investigations more sophisticated sampling genetic data are needed future.